Can Fleas Make Dogs Sick? The Dangers and Diseases to Watch Out For

Fleas may seem a mere annoyance, but they pose a significant threat to the health and well-being of our beloved dogs. Common symptoms of flea-related illness in dogs are:

• Scratching and Itching: Excessive scratching, biting, or licking of the skin is a common sign of flea infestation. Dogs may be visibly uncomfortable and restless.
• Hair Loss: Fleas can cause hair loss, particularly in areas where they are most active, such as the base of the tail, back, and abdomen.
• Skin Irritation: Flea bites can cause redness, inflammation, and irritation on the skin. Dogs may develop small bumps or sores, and secondary bacterial infections can occur in severe cases.

In this blog, we will explore the importance of flea protection and highlight the potential dangers that fleas bring to dogs.

1. Canine Bartonellosis

Fleas don’t just transmit parasites; they can also carry harmful bacteria. One such bacterium, Bartonella, is known to infect dogs, cats, and other mammals, including humans, leading to a serious condition called Bartonellosis. In addition to fleas, ticks, lice, and sand flies can also spread Bartonella bacteria to animals.

Dogs infected with Bartonella may exhibit symptoms like coughing, diarrhea, vomiting, fever, eye and nose irritation, and lameness. This disease can lead to a variety of severe health issues, including arthritis, inflammation of the lymph nodes, swelling of the liver and spleen, and even seizures.

If you suspect your dog has Bartonellosis, it’s crucial to take them to the veterinarian immediately for evaluation and antibiotic treatment. To reduce the risk of your dog contracting this disease, ensure they are on a regular pest prevention routine and avoid areas where fleas and other carriers are prevalent.

2. Anemia

Fleas sustain themselves by feeding on the blood of their host animals through bites. While a single flea draws only a tiny amount of blood, repeated attacks by numerous fleas can accumulate, potentially leading to anemia—a serious condition characterized by a lack of red blood cells. This is particularly dangerous for toy breeds, puppies, and dogs with pre-existing health issues, where untreated anemia can result in severe illness or even death.

Symptoms of anemia in dogs include weakness, lethargy, rapid breathing, and pale gums. If you notice these signs, immediate veterinary care is essential, as severe cases can be fatal.

To protect your dog from fleas, it’s important to follow a preventative regimen. Consult your veterinarian about monthly medications designed to kill adult fleas and prevent larvae from maturing. These treatments are available in various forms, such as powders, shampoos, pills, or topical creams.

In the event of a severe infestation, it’s crucial to treat not only your dog but also your home and surrounding outdoor areas to eliminate fleas completely. This comprehensive approach ensures your dog remains healthy and free from the risks of flea-bite anemia.

3. Flea Allergy Dermatitis (FAD)

Fleas can trigger allergic reactions in dogs, leading to skin irritation and infections. Flea saliva, in particular, can cause a condition known as Flea Allergy Dermatitis (FAD), where even a single flea bite can cause severe discomfort in some dogs. Common symptoms of FAD include excessive scratching, licking, or biting around areas like the tail, groin, or backside. These actions can result in scabs, bumps, and even bare patches where dogs chew or rip out their fur.

If left unchecked, FAD can escalate into painful sores and secondary bacterial skin infections, often referred to as “hotspots.” These red, raw, and inflamed areas can cause significant discomfort for your dog.

Flea bites can also lead to contact dermatitis, an allergic reaction where the immune system releases histamine to the bite wound, resulting in itchy, red welts. Dogs suffering from contact dermatitis will instinctively scratch, lick, or chew the affected areas, which can break the skin and increase the risk of bacterial infections.

To prevent these issues, it’s essential to keep fleas away from your dog’s sensitive skin. Consult your veterinarian about preventative medications, and maintain proper lawn care and regular home vacuuming to reduce the risk of flea infestations and the subsequent allergic reactions they can cause.

4. Tapeworms

Tapeworms are long, flat, segmented worms that commonly inhabit a dog’s small intestine, where they absorb nutrients from the food the dog consumes. Fleas often carry tapeworm eggs, and if a dog ingests an infected flea while grooming or licking irritated skin, the eggs can mature into adult tapeworms inside the dog.

Once in the digestive tract, tapeworms attach to the intestinal lining using their sucker-like mouthparts and begin to grow, sometimes reaching several feet in length. These worms can deprive your dog of essential nutrients, potentially leading to weight loss, increased appetite, and fatigue. While many dogs can survive a tapeworm infestation without major complications, puppies, elderly dogs, and those with weakened immune systems may face more serious intestinal problems, such as chronic diarrhea or constipation.

A common sign of tapeworm infection is your dog scooting its bottom along the floor, which indicates anal itching and irritation. Additionally, you may notice small, white, rice-like segments of the tapeworm around your dog’s backside or in their stool. These segments contain tapeworm eggs, which can be released into the environment once the outer casing dries out, continuing the infestation cycle.

If you suspect your dog has a tapeworm infection, consult your veterinarian. They can prescribe medications to eliminate the tapeworms and restore your dog’s health and comfort. Bringing a stool sample for testing can also help confirm the presence of tapeworms.

FAQs

Can I get sick from the fleas on my dog?

While it’s less common for humans to get sick directly from the fleas on their dogs, fleas can bite humans and irritate them. Some flea-borne diseases, such as flea allergy dermatitis or Bartonella infection (cat scratch disease), can also affect humans. It’s essential to take precautions to minimize flea exposure and address flea infestations promptly.

Can fleas make dogs lethargic?

Yes, fleas can make dogs lethargic. Severe flea infestations can lead to anemia, which reduces the dog’s energy levels due to blood loss. Additionally, the discomfort and stress from constant itching and skin irritation can cause dogs to become less active and more fatigued.

How long does it take for fleas to make my dog sick?

The time it takes for fleas to make a dog sick can vary depending on several factors. The severity of the infestation, the sensitivity of the individual dog, and the specific disease involved all play a role. Some dogs may develop reactions quickly, experiencing discomfort and itching soon after being infested with fleas. In other cases, it may take longer for symptoms to appear. Regular monitoring and prompt flea control measures are essential to help keep your dog healthy and reduce the risk of flea-related illnesses. If you suspect your dog may be sick due to fleas, it’s best to consult with a veterinarian for a proper diagnosis and appropriate treatment.

Fleas can make dogs sick through various means, including allergic reactions, anemia, and the transmission of diseases. As responsible pet owners, it’s crucial to be vigilant and proactive in preventing and controlling flea infestations. By maintaining good hygiene practices, utilizing appropriate flea prevention methods, and seeking veterinary care when necessary, we can help ensure the health and well-being of our beloved canine companions. Remember, a flea-free dog is a happy and healthy dog.

References:

• Elanco. (n.d.). Flea diseases in dogs. https://yourpetandyou.elanco.com/us/parasites/fleas/flea-diseases-in-dogs

• Hickory Veterinary Hospital & Referral Center. (n.d.). Can flea bites make my pet sick?. https://hvhct.com/blog/pet-care/can-flea-bites-make-my-pet-sick/